一、常用语句分类
(一)信件称谓与提及
1.对方来函：Your letter 最为简洁常用，Your favour、Your esteemed favour、Your valued favour、Your note、Your Communication、
Your friendly advice、Yours 等也可，但相对繁复。例如在正式商务沟通中，用 Your letter 能清晰表明所指。
2.己方去函：Our (my) letter、Our (my) respects、ours (mine)。如在向对方说明己方信件内容或行动时使用。
3.本函：this letter、these lines、the present。如在信中提及 “本函旨在说明……” 时可用。
4.后续或前序信函
5.次函：the next letter、the next mail、the next post、the next communication 等，用于提及后续要发出的信件。
6.前函：the last letter、the last mail、the last post、the last communication、the last respects、the last favour 等，在回顾之前信件
内容或事项时使用。
7.来电：Your telegram、your wire、your cablegram、your code message、your wireless telegram、your cipher telegram，在涉及电
报沟通时使用。
8.贵方电话：your telephone message、your phone message、your telephone call、your ring，如 “感谢您的电话告知……” 可使用
相应表达。
(二)回复与告知
回复动作
9.动词形式：answer、reply、response，如 “I will reply to your letter as soon as possible.”(我会尽快回复您的信件);常用短语如
to answer、to reply、to send an answer、to write in reply 等。
10.接奉函覆相关：to get an answer、to get a letter answered，如 “We are waiting to get a letter answered regarding the shipment
details.”(我们正在等待关于货物运输细节的回信);await an answer、wait for an answer，如 “We have been waiting for an answer from
the shipping agent for days.”(我们已经等了几天船运代理的回复)。
11.效覆有关：replying to、in reply to、in response to，如 “Replying to your enquiry about the vessel's schedule, it will arrive at
the port next week.”(回复您关于船只日程的询问，它将于下周抵达港口)。
通知动作
12.动词形式：inform、notify、tell、communicate、report、advise (a person) of、acquaint (a person) with、intimate (a fact) to、
write (a person) an information、give notice、mail a notice、let (a person) know、notice is given 等。例如 “We inform you that the
cargo has been loaded successfully.”(我们通知您货物已成功装载)。
13.常用句式：We have the pleasure to inform you that..... We are pleased to inform you that... We inform you that... ，如 “We
have the pleasure to inform you that the ship is ready for departure.”(我们很高兴地通知您船已准备好启航)。
(三)时间与紧急程度表达
14.紧急：immediately、urgently、promptly、at once、as soon as possible、with all despatch、as quickly as possible、
as promptly as possible 等。例如 “In case of emergency, please contact us immediately.”(如有紧急情况，请立即联系我们);相对
不确切但常用的有 at an early date、at the earliest possible moment、at one's earliest convenience 等，如 “We hope to receive
your reply at an early date.”(我们希望早日收到您的回复)。
15.一般时间相关：at this time(现、现在，可用 now 代替)，如 “At this time, the ship is in the middle of the ocean.”(现在，船正
在大洋中);at all times(不论何时，可用 always 代替)，如 “The safety regulations should be followed at all times.”(无论何时都应遵守
安全规定)。
(四)收悉与确认收悉表达
16.名词形式：Receipt、a receipt;动词形式：receive、be in receipt of、be to hand、be at hand、come to hand、be favoured
with、get、have duly received、have to own、acknowledge receipt of、have before us 等。例如 “We duly received your letter and
are reviewing the contents.”(我们已收到您的信件并正在审阅内容);We are in receipt of........ We acknowledge (with thanks) receipt of… 。
17.确认表达：to confirm、confirming、in confirming of;a letter of confirmation。如 “We confirm our verbal agreement about the
delivery terms.”(我们确认关于交货条款的口头协议);Confirming our telegram sent yesterday...... 。
(五)情感与态度表达
18.欣幸、喜悦：be pleased to_(with or by)、be glad to、be delighted at、be rejoiced in、have the pleasure to do、have the
pleasure of doing、have pleasure in (of) doing、have pleasure to do、take (a) pleasure in doing、take pleasure in doing(其中 take
pleasure in 较古老，常被 are pleased to, are happy (glad) to 取代)。例如 “We are pleased to inform you that the project has been
completed successfully.”(我们很高兴地通知您项目已成功完成)。
19.遗憾：regret、be sorry、be vexed、be morified、regret to say、be sorry to say、to one's regret、feel a great regret for、
express regret for、be a matter for regret、be regretted、be deplorable、be regrettable、with regret 等。如 “We regret that the
shipment has been delayed due to bad weather.”(我们很遗憾由于恶劣天气货物运输延迟了);We are sorry to (that).. Much to our
regret..... 等。
20.深感荣幸：feel honoured、appreciate the honour、be honoured with、have the honour of doing (being)、have the
honour to do (be)、esteem it as a high honour、honour one with。例如 “We feel honoured to have the opportunity to cooperate
with your company.”(我们很荣幸有机会与贵公司合作)。
21.深致谢意：thank、be (feel) grateful、be thankful、esteem it a favour、give (tender) one's thank、be obiged、
be overwhelmed with gratitude、tender one's sincere thanks、express one's appreciation、be indebted。常用 Thank-you
for your.... We (shall) appreciate..... ，如 “Thank you for your prompt assistance in resolving the issue.”(感谢您在解决问题上的及时协助)。
(六)希望与请求表达
22.寄以希望之意：hope to、hope that、trust to、request that 等。现常用简单直接语气，如 May we have....., Will you please?
例如 “May we have the updated shipping schedule?”(我们可以拿到最新的船期表吗?);“Will you please provide the details of
the cargo?”(请您提供货物的详细信息好吗?)。
23.请求动作：request、solicit、ask、recommend 等。如 “Please give this matter your prompt and courteous attention.”
(请您及时并礼貌地关注此事);“I request you will give our proposal your kind consideration.”(我请求您友好地考虑我们的提议)。
(七)附件与附带说明
24.随函附寄：Enclose(英式)、Inclose(美式)。常用句式 We enclose a sample of...... We are enclosing.... We are pleased to
enclose...... Enclosed is (are) a sample of..... ，如 “We enclose a sample of the product for your reference.”(我们随函附上产
品样本供您参考)。
25.予以注意：Please note it...... which please note. Have the kindness to take note of...... We draw your attention to...... We
request your kind attention to...... We ask your attention to...... Please give your attention to....... We request that you will take
note of..... ，如 “We draw your attention to the special handling requirements of the cargo.”(我们提醒您注意货物的特殊搬运要求)。
(八)致歉与解释
26.致歉：Please accept our apologies. We apologize you for the mistake. Please excuse this error. 等。例如 “We apologize
for the inconvenience caused by the delay.”(我们为延迟造成的不便道歉)。
27.解释相关：We confirm...(确认事项);We regret to inform you...(遗憾告知);We are sorry to have to tell you...(抱歉不得不说)等
。如 “We confirm that the inspection of the ship has been completed.”(我们确认船只检查已完成);“We regret to inform you that
the contract cannot be signed as expected.”(我们遗憾地通知您合同不能如预期签署)。
(九)其他常用表达
28.依照：according to、in accordance with、in compliance with、in conformity with、in obedience to、agreeably to(as per
现已不大采用)。如 “According to the contract, the payment should be made within 30 days.”(根据合同，应在 30 天内付款)。
29.关于：regarding、as regards、with regard to、in regard to、respecting、relative to、in connection with、referring to、
with reference to、in reference to、Re. 例如 “Regarding the shipment delay, we are investigating the cause.”(关于货物运输延迟，
我们正在调查原因)。
30.如下示：as mentioned below、as stated below、annexed hereto、attached you will find、as at foot hereof、as detailed
on the attached sheet。如 “As detailed on the attached sheet, the cargo list includes various items.”(如附页详细说明，货物清
单包含多种物品)。
31.报覆知：Inform us by telegram、wire me immediately、wire in time for us to write you in reply by 10 a.m. mail、please
reply me by wire、we await answer by telegram、cable reply immediately、oblige us by answering by telegram、please arrange
for your telegram reply 。例如 “Inform us by telegram if there are any changes in the schedule.”(如果日程有任何变化请用电报通
知我们)。
32.郭覆：by return、by return of post、by return of mail、by return of air mail。如 “Please send your reply by return of mail.”
(请用邮件回复)。
二、货物相关描述
(一)货物损伤情况
33.包装问题：Bad order(货物包装不良)、Bare (Bare no staves)(裸露无遮的)、Bale off(散包)、Bent(金属类弯曲)、Bale burst
(捆包破裂)、Bale slach(松包)、Bundle off(包、捆束脱落)、Bundle slack(捆卷状物)、Bag cover dirty(袋皮污渍)、Bags stained by
contents(袋被内货污渍)、Bags stained by syrup(袋被糖汁渣污)、Case plank broken(箱板破)、Case crushed(箱子压坏)、Case
transfigured (misshaped, deformed)(箱子变形)、Case upside down(箱子倒置)、Case renail(箱子重钉)、Case plank split(箱板裂)、
Case plank patched(箱板修补)、Case plank bulged(箱板凸出)、Cover chafed(包装磨损)、Cover torn(包皮破裂)、Seam slack(缝口松弛)、
Seam open(缝口开)、Seal off(封印条脱落)、Seal broken off(封印破损)、Sealed on board(在船上封印)、Second-hand bags (used bags)
(旧袋)、Top of case crushed(箱顶压坏)、Unprotected cargo(无包装货)等。这些描述用于在货物运输过程中发现包装出现问题时向相关方
说明情况，如在货物检验报告或与托运人、收货人沟通时使用。
34.货物自身问题：Contents rattling(内货有响声)、Contents short(内货短少)、Contents short weight(内货重量不足)、Contents
empty(内货中空无物)、Contents unknown(内货不详)、Caked(结块，如水泥、肥料等)、Cracked(裂开、龟裂)、Chipped(切伤)、
Contents exposed or running out(包装内容露出或漏出)、Damp&mouldy(潮湿发霉)、Dented(凹陷，受压力、碰撞等)、Deterioration
(化学品变质)、Dirty(污)、Discoloured(褪色，新品、纸张等)、Drum oozing(桶渗漏)、Drum bid off(桶脱落)、Dust(灰尘)、
Crushing damage(压坏)、Contents sprouting(内货发芽)、Cover in order, contents melt(包装正常内货溶解)、Damaged by insects
(worms)(虫蛀)、Dangerous cargo on deck(甲板危险货)、Mark obiterated(标记消失)、Mended bags(修袋)、Nail off(脱钉)、
Natural defect(自然缺陷)、Perish(腐蚀)、Putrely(腐朽)、Packing examination(危险品包装检查试验)、Paper box carton(纸匣)、
Rain work(雨中工作，装卸)、Ratting(咔啦响)、Resoldered (Rewelded)(重焊)、Rotten(腐烂的、朽的)、Resewed(缝补)、
Resealed(重贴封印)、Running out(包装内容物漏出)、Rust(生锈，金属品)、Said to be....(数量难稽，依托运人填报数量)、
Scratched all over(全身擦)、Split(分裂)、Stained(污染着色)、Sticked(戳伤)、Sweeping(清扫)、Top off(满舱)、Top tap
off(顶盖塞子脱落)、Towing damage(拖损)、Tire spit(轮胎爆裂)、Torn(扯破)、Wet cargo(湿货)、Wet stained(水渍)、
Wet with sweat(汗渍)、Wet with moisture(潮湿渍)、Withered(枯萎)、Worn-eaten(虫蛀)等。在货物运输各个环节，当发现货物自身
出现这些问题时，需要准确记录和报告，以便确定责任和采取相应措施。
35.责任相关：Not responsible (N/R)(不负责)、N/R for breakage a leakage(破损及破漏不负责)、N/R for bent & rust
(弯曲及生锈不负责)、N/R for decay(腐朽不负责)、N/R for Evaporation(蒸发量不负责)、N/R for Mortality & injury (动物)
死伤不负责、N/R for sweating(出汗不负责)等。在处理货物问题时，明确责任归属非常关键，这些表达用于在与各方沟通中表明己方
在某些方面不承担责任的立场。
(二)货物装卸情况
36.货物落水：I regret to inform you that during discharging operation at No.2 Hatch, at about 10.00 A.M. One case marked
"ABC" shipped off the sling, through the fault of the stevedores and dropped overboard into the sea between the ship's side
and quay. Shortly afterwards, the damaged case was picked up by them and shown to the chief stevedore on board and your
representative, Mr... Your prompt attention to this matter will be appreciated. 此句详细描述了货物落水的时间、地点、原因以及
后续处理情况，用于向代理行或相关方报告事故，以便及时采取措施解决问题，如安排打捞、检查货物损坏程度和确定责任等。
37.货物短少(或超卸、多装)之争执：We inform you that while we were loading 750 bales woodpulp Seattle/Moji, account
of Messrs,"AC"& Co. covered by Bs/L No.8, our checker at ship's side checked 740 belas, i.e. 10 bales short and claims that his
tally is correct. You will see... (详细说明争议过程及处理协商情况)在货物装卸过程中，当出现数量差异引发争执时，需要向相关方清
晰地说明己方的计数情况、依据以及与托运人或其他方的沟通协商过程，以寻求合理的解决方案，可能涉及重新核对货物、查看装卸
记录或依据合同条款进行处理等。
三、信函开头与结尾例句(一)开头例句
38.覆收悉情况：We thank you for your letter of yesterday and for confirm our telephone conversation of yesterday.(感谢昨
日来函及确认电话交谈事项);I have just received your letter of..... It was only yesterday that your letter came to me. I am in receipt
of your letter of..... I thank you for your prompt answer. We regret to learn that..... It is to our great regret to learn that... We are
rather surprise to hear from you that... (表达收到信件的时间、感谢、遗憾或惊讶等情绪)这些开头句用于在回复对方信件时，首先
表明对收到来信的态度和初步反应，为后续内容奠定基础，使沟通更具连贯性和逻辑性。
39.依据来函作覆情况：I hasten to answer to your letter of July 10th.(急覆某日期来函);In reply to your letter of..... In answer
to your letter of the tenth, July, I am pleased to tell you that.... (说明回复的针对性)在回复对方特定信件时，使用此类开头能让对
方清楚知道这封信是针对之前哪封信的回应，有助于提高沟通效率，避免误解。
40.电报、电话交往之确：In confirming our telegram of this morning,…… (确认电报内容);With reference to the telephone
conversation with Mr..... I wish to confirm that.... (提及电话交谈并确认事项)在涉及电报或电话沟通后，通过信函进一步确认相关内容，
可确保信息的准确性和一致性，避免因沟通渠道不同而产生的歧义。
41.通知事项：We take this opportunity to inform you that.. I request you to note that...... (传达通知内容并提醒注意)在有重要
事项需要告知对方时，这种开头方式能直接引起对方对后续内容的关注，使通知更具正式性和严肃性。
(二)结尾例句
42.希冀覆函情况：We await your further instruction...... If you could write us soon, we shall be glad. We appreciate your
interest and thank you for writing us. We are expecting pleasant business relations. We sincerely hope that we may find your
name on our active list writing next ten days. We thank you in anticipation of an early reply. (表达期待进一步指示、回复，感谢
对方兴趣及对良好业务关系的期望等)此类结尾句在信函中向对方传达了己方对后续沟通的期待，有助于保持与对方的联系，推动业
务进展，同时也体现了礼貌和积极的态度。
43.调查结果情况：We thank you for your usual kind attention to this matter.(感谢对方对事件的关注);We appreciate your
cooperation in this matter.(感激合作);We trust you will give this matter your best consideration.(相信对方会妥善考虑);Your
prompt attention to this will be greatly. appreciated.(感谢对方及时关注)等(说明对调查结果相关的感谢、信任及期望)在向对方
汇报调查结果或提及相关事宜时，这些结尾句表达了对对方在整个过程中所给予支持的感激之情，以及对对方后续行动的期望，
有助于维护良好的合作关系。
44.依来信回答情形：We trust that this with be satisfactory to... We trust that this explanation will interest... I shall be glad
to inform you later in case any changes take place in the matter. (表达对回复内容的信心及后续情况的告知意愿)这样的结尾表明
了写信人对所提供信息的可靠性的自信，同时也向对方承诺如有新情况会及时告知，增强了信函的可信度和沟通的完整性。
45.对事件問之回答：确认这将使得阁下满意。We trust that this with be satisfactory to... 深信此项说明将引起阁下兴趣。
We trust that this explanation will interest... 今后此事件发生任何变化，将乐于通知阁下。I shall be glad to inform you later
in case any changes take place in the matter. (强调对事件回答的效果及后续跟进)在回答对方关于特定事件的询问时，这些语句
不仅强调了当前回答的有效性，还为未来可能的发展预留了沟通空间，使整个交流更加全面和负责。
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